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Sierra Vista Regional Health Center
>> "arizona wildlife views," brought to you by the sale of hunting and fishing licenses and the heritage fund. lottery dollars working for
Sierra Vista Regional Health Center, wildlife. some projects made possible by the sport fish and wildlife restoration fund.
>> welcome to "arizona wildlife views." i'm jim paxon. this week we'll check on the health of the deer herd, then we'll go over to safford for the first ever stocking of catchable gila trout, but first it's been a long time in the making.
finally, bighorn sheep have safe passage over highway 93. >> they look like overpasses that come from nowhere and go to nowhere. but they're actually very important to the bighorn sheep that call this country home. on february 1st, 2011, a young
ram bighorn sheep took the first tentative step onto the newly construct the wildlife overpass on highway 93 near hoover dam. >> we were so excited and very pleased to see the first video images of a bighorn sheep actually using the ore passes. not only do these overpasses
protect motorists traveling this highly traveled corridor on u.s. 93, but they also protect the bighorn sheep of course native to the black mountains. adot has nearly half a billion dollars over the last decade improving u.s. 93 from
wickenberg in maricopa county, to the new hoover dam bypass. the improvements continue. adot's long-term vision is to transform this highly traveled route into a four-lane divide highway. >> u.s. highway 93 is the route
most arizonans use to access las vegas. it's also been designated as part of the north american free trade agreement trade route, as welt as part of the canamex, the canada-mexico trade corridor. increasing traffic levels and accidents, desert brisenia
sheep-vehicle collisions, and compromised hoover dam security led both federal and state agencies to act. to address these issues, arizona department of transportation and the federal highway administration constructed the hoover dam bypass.
completed in the fall of 2010, this new roadway circumvents hoover dam by allowing traffic to pass over the colorado river on a bridge downstream, but within sight of the hoover dam. arizona, 15 miles of two-lane roadway from the hoover dam bypass south tarred kingman is
now widened to four lanes. to alleviate the bighorn-vehicle collision component, three wildlife overpasses and adjacent funnel fencing were constructed to allow wildlife to cross the road safely and exclude desert bighorn from the roadway, thereby reducing risks for
motorists. >> before they started reconstruction of the roadway we were seeing as many as bighorn sheep killed per year. that also poses a safety concern for the people driving up and down the highway. >> state and federal law does
mandate that the arizona department of transportation look at all of the environmental impacts prior to building any roadway in arizona. >> in 2004, adot and federal highways funded a project to evaluate where these crossing structures would be placed.
>> arizona game and fish department went out and collared sheep and let the sheep tell us where to put the structures with the gps collars. we got the data back from the gps collars, identified several locations where the sheep were trying to cross or were crossing
the road, one of those is the overpass you see behind us here. >> this research showed that desert bighorn sheep focused their movement along ridges that were intercepted by the highway to approach and cross u.s. 93. the ridges offered the bighorn
good visibility to avoid predators, higher quality forage compared to surrounding landscapes and terrain that offered the best possible link to larger areas of suitable sheep habitat. data suggests crossing structures built at these
locations would be the most effective locations for crossing structures. >> we've learned desert bighorn sheep don't look underpasses and culverts. they shy away from them because of the predators that might be in there.
so overpasses have become a good option for bighorn sheep. >> additionally, the cost of building overpasses was less than underpasses. in support of the recommendations, arizona game and fish, adot, and federal highways committed to designing
and building three overpasses. the first ever in arizona, and the first anywhere in the world for desert bighorn sheep. the three sites chosen are at milepost 3.3, 5.2, and 12.2. the purpose of these overpasses is to minimize the impacts of fragmentation, which along with
habitat loss, serves as the leading factors for wildlife extinction. the bighorn sheep herd in this area is one of the largest and most important in the country, and efforts such as these are intended to help ensure the sustainability of this herd for
future generations of wildlife enthusiasts, while also providing for improved safety for motorists. people come from aller on the world for the watchable wildlife opportunities in arizona. this young lady is taking home the memory of a lifetime.
>> associated with the overpasses is wildlife fencing. this fencing is high enough to keep sheep from jumping it easily. the fencing funnels them down to the wildlife overpasses and a couple of bridges we have in the project, and the fencing is also
linked to culverts along the project so other animals can pass under the highway safely. >> built into each fence is what's called an escape ramp. when an animal gets caught inside the feints on the side of the highway, they can come to the escape ramp, jump out, and
they're not caught inside the feints corridor. a barrier like a roadway, canal, or fencing, blocks the movement of animals from others of their kind or essential habitats. >> bighorn sheep like all other wildlife need access to resources to keep them alive,
like water and food, and summer winter range, breeding grounds, and if you cut off access to that they don't have a way to get to those resources. over time you see genetics not getting across the roads and barriers and that leads to inbreeding, and you might see
reduced fitness or the ability of those animals to have young, and all the other negative effects that come with inbreeding. and after a while they can't get to the resources they need to survive, and over time they can go instinct.
we have installed digital video recording system to monitor their use or nonuse of the overpasses. adot was very helpful with establishing this system to make it actually integrated into the structure itself to make it more robust against weather or
rodents chewing through wires or whatnot. you can see a portion of the system here, which is comprised of some infrared lights, which may not catch sheep since they're daytime animals, but will catch any other animals using the overpass at night.
in the center of two infrared lights you have a colored video camera that records anything crossing the structure at mid bridge here. >> the digital video record can system use as photo beam trigger that shoots across the structure.
located about eight to 10 inches off the deck, anything that broncos the foe --s the photo beam will start all the cameras rolling. we have three here -- one in the center and one at either end. that way biologists can catch the bighorn sheep as they
approach the structure, and witness whether they actually crossed or not. >> we also have three of these cameras at the west end of the overpass, and those cameras not only allow us to see sheep coming across this structure, but it also allows us to monitor
the sheep who may approach the structure and decide not to cross. we're able to correlate that digital video recording of the sheeps' behavior and correlate that with traffic volumes on the road to see if that has any effect on their behavior,
whether they decide to cross or not to cross the structure. >> all three overpasses have been used by bighorn sheep, and of those, a majority are male. but of all of them that make an approach, about half do cross, and they'll make multiple crossings.
>> we also have to save as a backup to our video system and a trail camera. so it snaps still photos, again, of anything crossing the structure at any time of the day. on this particular structure we've monitored a few young rams
coming down, and they were practicing head butting as they're coming down the approach. i think from the other highway projects we have that it's shown that the few brave animals that initially will go across, others will start to follow them, then
it will just become a regular behavior in their movements. on top of the overpasses we have tried to match the surroundings as much as possible. when the sheep come up to the overpasses you want it to look just like what they've been traveling through as they go
across the landscape. so they're not bothered by it, or they're not alarmed by it. the idea is they just continue down the ridge they were originally walking down and right onto the other side of the road. this is one of the 50-foot wide
we have two of these and the 3rd one is double this width, so there's one structure that's 100 foot wide. and they're all 200 foot across. the data we do collect from all those overpass structures will be analyzed. we'll be looking for the number
of sheep that approach the structures, the number of sheep that cross the structures so we can get a passage rate. and all that is correlated with the amount of traffic and time of day. we also look at those movement patterns associated with
different seasons that are important to the bighorn sheep. we'll also look at, are males using it more than females? is it even? and how does that change as time goes on? >> this project has been a partnership between the arizona
department of transportation, federal highways, arizona game and fish department, brophy land management, and the national park service. as far as the research project goes, the partners are adot, game and fish, and the federal aid wildlife restoration
program. arizona desert bighorn sheep society funds and manpower were unveil able to this research project as well. the upgrades to u.s. highway 93 will benefit the traveling public through efficiency and
safety. furthermore, the wildlife overpasses will reduce the incidents of wildlife vehicle collisions while maintaining habitat connectivity. though it may take several years for large segments of the population to readily out these
these structures, we've already documented their use by sheep even as the concrete seems to be barely dry. the partnership between natural resource and transportation agencies represents the first time in arizona that wildlife research was conducted and rudy
espino result incorporated into project design before construction began. and represents the success and partnerships between agencies of denvering disciplines but similar goals. >>> the north kaibab plateau contains some of the most
beautiful and regularred country in arizona. it covers over 1200 square miles north of the grand canyon, with elevations ranging from 5,000 to 9,000 feet. the kaibab is home to many wildlife species, including a large herd of mule deer whose
health and well-being are very important to arizona game and fish, which has the responsibility for managing all wildlife in the state. on this cold day in march, they're conducting a health assessment of the herd to determine their condition coming
out of winter. >> the main impetus for doing this condition testing is to assess the carrying capacity and how well the range is able to handle these deer from year to year. and then if we have a particularly bad year, or series
of bad years, we'll also have a baseline of a number of years to be able to compare it to under various climatic conditions. >> the study began in 2010 and is in its second year. with with meltdown year to go. then it will be conducted every three years thereafter.
the initial results are looking positive, with this herd showing signs of improvement over last year's. >> the health assessment we're look at fat levels using ultrasound, we measure the fat thickness. the deer this year have been in
pretty good condition. we've had fat levels we're measuring one to three millimeters on the back fat. last year they were in poor condition, we came off a real severe winter in 2009-2010, it was probably the severest winter we've had in 20 years, and
condition was low. so they've improved this year since the winter was a little milder. >> but the trick to giving a mule deer a health check-up is that first you have to catch it. >> the helicopter goes out and searches for deer scattered
around here on the kaibab. there is no shortage of deer it appears. it's tricky in this type of habitat. it's fairly heavily wooded. we try to push the deer out into the open where they're -- they can be more easily captured, but
deer, like any prey species, tries to avoid capture like this, and they tend to seek the see forested cover. >> maneuvering close to the deer takes a pilot with a lot of experience and a steady hand. once the deer is in the right position, the gunner lets his
net fly and the deer is brought down. then, with the helicopter still hovering, the passenger jumps out to contain the deer. of course if the deer isn't completely subdued in the net, then the capture becomes more of a foot race.
once the deer is safely hobbled, it's blindfold and placed in a travel bag to reduce stress on the animal, and flown to the work site. when the helicopter arrives, several people with a stretcher rush out to unload the deer and carry it to the work area.
the first order much business is to get its weight. 52. >> then what is often the most time consuming are and trickiest part of the procedure begins -- untangling the deer from the net without injury to it or its handlers.
after the deer is freed from the knelt and its powerful legs secured, it's carried to the medical tent where the health assessment takes place. >> first thing we do when we're checking the deer after they've been captured is we look them over quickly for injuries and
then also take their temperature, because it's very common for these deer to get overheated during the capture process, and if that happens and becomes too extreme, we could have a real problem with them. so we try and cool them down quickly if they come in
overheated. and then the next part is to go ahead and assess their status. this year the deer seem to be looking a little bit better. there's a little more fat on their bodies. and this directly affects the milk of the doe and how well
she's able to care for that fawn when it hits the ground. which is going to be here in another month or two. the sonogram is part of the condition test can. we're actually using the ultrasound to measure the depth of the fat under the skin, and
we are look at that basically at the base of the tail. the other way we assess their body condition is by feeling how much certain points of their body stick out. one main point is the withers between the shoulder blades, and then the other is there's a
ligament between the tail and the pelvis. and we feel how much of that we can pinch. so it's kind of like with people you pinch an inch, only we're pinching it in a couple different places. we do some disease assessment.
we look for hemorrhagic disease, which is a viral disease, and we also look for blue tongue virus. last year we had no evidence of those diseases up here. it's more for just monitoring the basic health of the population. >> the doe also receives an ear
tag for identification purposes. and any injuries she may have sustained during capture are quickly attended to. >> deer are incredibly strong, incredibly feisty, but with a real will to survive, and interacting up close with humans is not something they relish.
so dealing with them at that left can be very strenuous physically. i have determined through mild injuries that it's really a young man's job, and probably when you are starting to approach the tail end of year career, some of those duties are
best left to the new guys who are young and tough and rough and tumble. not that i don't enjoy it still, because as i said, actually laying your hands on animals and taking those measurements and dealing with them up close is something that the vast majority
of society never gets to experience. >> with several people collecting samples, the work goes quickly and the entire health assessment can be completed in only a few minutes. then the deer is ready to be released.
if the capture site was less than a mile from the processing location, then the deer can be released on site. in this instance, the doe is carried several yards from the tent and released facing away from the activity. when releasing an animal, it's
important to be aware of any obstructions like trees ordaining russ terrain such as gullies or cliffs. generally, the hobbles are released first, then the blindfold is slipped off. everyone lets go, and the doe quickly gets the heck out of
dodge. if the deer was captured more than a mile away from the work site, then it is placed back in its travel bag and returned to the area where it was captured. to help keep the deer calm while waiting for transport, everyone tries to keep the noise level
down, since people are predators to this prey species. once the helicopter is back on site, the deer receives a free return trip to its herd. >> the deer capture presents a pretty neat opportunity for somebody that's interested in wildlife and wildlife work in
that it's hands-on. you're actually handling the animal, which is really a rare thing. people often assume we're hands on with the critters all the time, but we're really not. we observe them constantly, but actually happeneds on, and
taking measures and things of that nature, relatively rare occurrence. >> the deer population is real good here in the kaibab. this is one of those herds that has been studied a lot in the past because of its major boom and busts, and deer, probably at
least four or more times in the past have exceeded their carrying capacity out here. so the more information we have on the herd, we can keep it below that carry capacity level. that will be a good thing for us. the idea behind wildlife
management is to keep a stable population, stable harvest. so we don't want to see these big increases in the population and eventual crashes. because then we won't be able to provide that recreational opportunity consistently year after year.
>> while this study is beneficial to the people of arizona, and their mule deer population, it comes at no cost to the taxpayer. the money for this study was raise from the sale of special mule deer license tags by the arizona deer association, the
mule deer foundation, and the arizona big game super raffle. after three days of battling rough weather, 24 does were captured and released unharmed, and the survey results show a definite improvement over the previous one. the average body weight was five
pounds heavier this year, which translates to the deer having 7% body fat, where the year before they were down to only 2.4% body fat. this means the does and their unborn fawnless have a much greater chance of survival, thereby assuring the future of
this historic mule deer herd on the north kaibab. >> john marvin from sierra vista caught the first one. but robert woods from flagstaff set a new state record with this monitor, 19.25 inch, gila trout. but before they could do that, a lot of people were doing this.
>> this is going to be the first recreational stocking of gila trout in arizona. it will be the first fishery for gila trout in arizona. >> on february 23rd, 2011, the first season for gila trout in arizona history opened in the mountains west of the town of
stafford. the arizona game and fish department in cooperation with the u.s. fish and wildlife service, u.s. forest service, and volunteers from old pueblo trout unlimited and the san
pedro fly casters, stocked the reservoir with about 800 gila trout that came from the mora national fish hatchery and technology center in new mexico. this is the first known fishing season for gila trout in arizona. gila trout, which are a trout
species native only to arizona and new mexico, are listed as federally threatened under the endangered species act. currently, gila trout only occupy a small number of streams in arizona, which are used toward recovery of the species. >> they're threatened under the
endangered species act, but they are fishable population as part of the 4d rule under endangered species act. so we are able to regulate fisheries here. >> currently, fishing is closed at all gila trout recovery streams in arizona.
including fry creek above the reservoir. >> everything above the reservoir is closed to fishing. that's the recovery population, and it's closed to fishing right now. hopefully it will be open to fishing when it's got enough in
there to support some angling pressure. hopefully in the next several years that will be open. >> these mountains are the only place in the world people can fish for two native arizonan species of trout -- the apache trout and gila trout and five
overwall species all in the same area. >> on the north side of the mountain where the streams are flowing into the gila river, we're going to have gila trout, and on the south side of the receiver where they're flowing into the wilcox playa, we have
apache trout hybrid with rainbows and on top at riggs lake we stock brown trout, and rainbow trout. if you made your trip to the mountains you could fish for all species of trout on this mountain. the recovery of the gila trout,
they recover by lineage. there's four lineages of gila trout, and they're all the in new mexico. right here in fry creek we have the south diamond creek lineage, in ash creek we're going to put the spruce creek lineage, and there's also main diamond and
whiskey creek lineages. we have fish from south diamond and grapevine creek and bruce creek fish and raspberry creek. in in new mexico there are a lot more recovery streams. we're just getting started in but we're making a long-term the of progress.
>> anglers are able to fish for the gila trout stocked in the fry mesa reservoir because they were surplus fish from the hatcheries. there is a one-fish bag and possession limit for gila trout, but it's recommended of recommended to practice catch
and release. >> that's our show for this week. for more information on arizona game and fish or anything you've seen in tonight's episode, go to our website. i'm jim paxon. we'll see you next week.
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